![]() ![]() Inodes can potentially also contain data about the owner of the file, and permissions to other users granted by the owner, and status flags about the data in the file. Inodes can specifically contain changes made to the data in the file, and who changed that certain information, as well as when it occurred, and how much data the file now has. This is because inodes can consist of many different pieces of information about the file, as was said before. However, a user has seen parts of an inode of a file before, probably without realizing it. I think this is why the common computer user hasn’t heard of an inode before-it takes up so little space, that they don’t notice them. Inodes of files in a file system only take up, “roughly of 1% of the total disk space, whether it is a whole storage unit (hard disk, thumb drive, etc.) or a partition on a storage unit” (Buse). While files can be very large, the inode of even a large file can still be quite small. This extra information is referred to as “metadata”, or “data about data”. Inodes for each file do not consist of the actual date inside the file, but instead, they contain the extra information about the file. Whenever a new file is created, inodes, also called index nodes, are created with the file. This is a research paper I wrote about inodes for my Linux class at the University of Advancing Technology. Linux was created by Linus Torvald as a hobby, but now, anyone who is frustrated or confused by the Windows/Mac layout can use Linux and make the distro they choose completely suited to their needs. Linux also has great (and FREE) alternatives to most Windows/Mac applications, which would be fantastic for start up companies to use to keep costs down, or even for the average poor college student to thrive on in their learning environment. I have personally discovered that Linux was a great gateway into learning to use the terminal (bash), and for network security people to practice their skills on. I am in no way an expert, and I’m not getting rid of my Windows laptop any time soon, but I definitely have a new found respect for Linux and all its community has to offer. At least, That’s what I thought at the beginning of my journey though the outskirts of what my professor likes to call “LinuxLand”. -u FD - Read input from file descriptor FDĪll most people (the general public) know about Linux, is that geniuses and hackers use it to do magical things to make other things work.This option has no effect if read is not reading input from the terminal or from a pipe -t - Cause read to time out and return failure if a complete line of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds.If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation The backslash is considered to be part of the line. -r - if this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character.The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal ![]() ![]() -p PROMPT - display PROMPT, without a trailing newline, before attempting to read any input.-n NCHARS - read returns after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input.-e - readline is used to obtain the line.-d DELIM - the first character of DELIM is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline.-a ANAME - the words are assigned to sequential indexes of the array variable ANAME, starting at 0 all elements are removed from ANAME before the assignments. ![]() It just depends on how much you can manage. You can use several layers of statements, like an if statements within an if statement, or a while loop within a while loop.
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